Curr Opin Invest Drugs 2010;11:1030–1038

The first ESA became available some 20 years ago, but since then there has been much research into developing new agents improving on the characteristics of this naturally occurring molecule. This review discusses new therapeutic options for the treatment of CKD-associated anaemia, including ESAs and IV iron molecules. The review also provides some interesting insight into approaches such as gene therapy, in particular inhibition of transcription factors, that still remain a way from applicable in clinical practice but have been resurrected more recently.

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